Sistem Pertanian Lahan Pekaragan Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan Daerah Semi-arid: Kasus Kawasan Rumah Pangan Lestari di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

摘要

Agricultural System of Homegardening to Support Food Security in Semi-Arid Region: A Case Study of Sustainable Food Reserved Garden in East Nusa-Tenggara. The model of Sustainable Food Reserved Garden (SFRG) or m-KRPL has been developed in East Nusa Tenggara (ENT) since 2011 as a tool to empowering household in managing homeyard in order to, both improve household\u27s nutrition and income. This paper aimed to examine: 1) the diversity and specific characteristics of homeyards in ENT; and 2) the contribution of homeyard gardening to the beneficiaries of m-KRPL. Survey was conducted from October to December 2014. Six m-KRPL sites in three districts were chosen purposively based on main islands (Timor, Sumba, Flores) and agro-ecosystems (AEZ) representative (lowland and highland). The data was collected from Farm Record Keeping (FRK) and in-depth interviews using open-ended and semi-structure questionnaire. The data was analysed descriptively and also used farming analysis. The results showed that there are various types of homegarden practices among communities in the different AEZs. Homegarden practices confirm the similar goals for majority of farmers, that the produce plays role as a source of fresh and healthy food, as well as provides medicines, herbs and spices. Commodities planted in homegarden are more for subsistence; however, farmers who have an access to the market are willing to sell the excess production. Farming in homeyard could save household expenditure up-to Rp400,000/month. Existing plant species in the homegarden in Sikka district was higher than that in Sumba and TTS districts. Nevertheless, for all districts, the horticultural plants was more diverse in highland than those in lowland. Some identified constraints were water shortage, pest and diseases, free-range livestock, access to external inputs and market. Beside the technical-agronomic aspect, development of homegardening should consider homeyard as a “living space”, existing commodities, diet and market aspects. The implementation of m-KRPL should be extended to reach poor farmers.